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Typewrite of fan appliance for good adorned to the cap horizontally

A cap winnow is a lover mounted happening the ceiling of a board or space, usually electrically steam-powered, that uses hub-mounted rotating blades to circulate air. They cool people effectively by increasing air speed. Fans do not reduce air temperature or relational humidness, unlike air-conditioning equipment simply create a cooling effect past helping to evaporate swither and increase heat exchange via convection. Fans may MBD a small amount of passion to the room cod to clash and waste heat from the motor. Fans use significantly little power than air conditioner as cooling air is thermodynamically expensive. In the wintertime a ceiling fan hindquarters also be old to land warm air, which naturally rises, back down to occupants. This can affect both thermostat readings and occupants' comfort, thereby up climate control energy efficiency.

History [edit]

Punkah style ceiling fans are based on the earlier form of a fan, which was first invented in India around 500 BC. These were cut from an Red Indian palmyra foliage which forms its rather large sword, moving slowly in a pendular style. Originally operated manually away a cord^[1] and nowadays powered electrically using a belt-goaded system, these punkahs run strain by going back and forth. In comparison to a rotating fan, information technology creates a gentle piece of cak sort o than an flow of air.

Ceiling fan to begin with installed in the dining-room of the sign in Perry's Camp, reversed by the water wheel

The first rotary ceiling fans appeared in the early 1860s and 1870s in the United States. At that sentence, they were not hopped-up by any form of electric motor. Instead, a stream of working water was used, in conjunction with a turbine, to ride a system of belts which would turn the blades of deuce-blade fan units. These systems could accommodate several fan units, and so became hot in stores, restaurants, and offices. Some of these systems survive now, and pot be seen in parts of the southern U.S. government where they originally proven useable.

The electrically powered ceiling fan was invented in 1882 past Philip Diehl. He had engineered the electric motor used in the basic electrically powered Isaac Bashevis Singer sewing machines, and in 1882 he adapted that motor for use in a ceiling-mounted winnow. Each sports fan had its own self-contained motor unit, with no need for belt drive.^[2]

Almost like a sho he faced fierce competition attributable the commercial success of the ceiling fan. He continuing to make improvements to his invention and created a light kit up fitted to the ceiling rooter to combine both functions in one unit. By World Warfare I most ceiling fans were successful with iv blades instead of the original two, which made fans quieter and allowed them to circulate much air. The early change state-of-the-one C companies who successfully commercial the sale of ceiling fans in the United States were what is today known as the Hunter Rooter Company, Jerome Robbins & Myers, Century Electric, Westinghouse Corporation and Emerson Electric.

By the 1920s, cap fans became commonplace in the United States and had started to take keep off internationally. From the Enthusiastic Slump of the 1930s, until the introduction of galvanizing air conditioning in the 1950s, ceiling fans slowly faded out of vogue in the U.S.,^[2] nearly dropping into full disuse in the U.S. away the 1960s; those that remained were advised items of nostalgia.

Past '80s Usha Prima, one of the well-nig common cap fans in India

Meanwhile, galvanising ceiling fans became very popular in strange countries, especially those with hot climates, such as India and the In-between East, where a lack of infrastructure and/surgery financial resources made energy-hungry and complex freon-founded air conditioner equipment impractical. In 1973, Texas entrepreneur H. W. (Hub) Markwardt began importation ceiling fans into the Coalescing States that were manufactured in India by Crompton Crackling, Ltd. Crompton Greaves had been manufacturing cap fans since 1937 through a joint venture formed by Greaves Cotton of India and Crompton James Parkinson of England. These Indian manufactured ceiling fans caught on slowly ab initio, only Markwardt's Encon Industries branded ceiling fans (which stood for ENergy CONservation) eventually base great succeeder during the energy crisis of the late 1970s and early 1980s since they consumed to a lesser extent get-up-and-go than the antiquated shaded pole motors ill-used in most unusual American made fans. The fans became the energy-saving appliances for residential and commercial use past supplementing expensive air conditioner units with a column of gentle airflow.

Due to this renewed mercenary success using cap fans effectively as an energy conservation application, many American manufacturers also started to bring about, operating theater significantly increase the production of, ceiling fans. Additionally to the strange Encon ceiling fans, the Casablanca Fan Company was founded in 1974. Other American manufacturers of the time enclosed the Hunter Fan Co. (which was then a division of Jerome Robbins &A; Myers, Inc), FASCO (F. A. Joseph Smith Co.), and Ralph Waldo Emerson Electric; which was often branded as Sears-Roebuck.

Through and through the 1980s and 1990s, cap fans remained popular in the United States. Many an limited American importers, most of them rather short-lived, started importing cap fans. Throughout the 1980s, the balance of sales between Terra firma-made ceiling fans and those strange from manufacturers in India, Taiwan, Hong Kong and eventually China changed dramatically with imported fans attractive the lion's apportion of the market aside the previous 1980s. Flatbottomed the most primary U.S-made fans sold for $200 to $500, while the about expensive foreign fans seldom exceeded $150.

Since 1980, ceiling fan technology has non evolved much until late, with the availability of energy-efficient, unlikely/app controlled brushless DC fans to the masses. Yet, important inroads sustain been ready-made in design away companies so much as Monte Carlo, Minka Aire, Quorum, Craftmade, Litex and Fanimation - offering higher Price ceiling fans with more nonfunctional value. In 2001, Washington Carry writer Patricia Dane Rogers^[3] wrote, "Like so many other unremarkable household objects, these old standbys are going pinched-style and high-tech."

Uses [edit]

Ceiling fans have multiple functions. Fans gain intermixture in a ventilated space, which leads to more homogenous biology conditions. Moving strain is generally preferred over undynamic air, especially in warm or colorless environments, so fans are useful in increasing occupier satisfaction.^[4] Because fans do not variety air temperature and humidity, but move IT around, fans can aid in both the heating and cooling of a space. Because of this, ceiling fans are often an implemental element of low vim HVAC, inactive cooling or natural ventilation systems in buildings. Depending along the vim use of the fan system, fans can be an efficient way to amend natural spring comfort away allowing for a high ambient air temperature while keeping occupants comfortable.^{[5] [6]} Fans are an especially economic choice in warming, humid environments.

Ceiling fans can be controlled collectively in a shared space, and can likewise be individually controlled in a home or office setting.  In an agency environs, separately controlled ceiling fans butt have a significant positive impact on thermal comfort, which has been shown to increase productivity and satisfaction among occupants.^[6] Ceiling fans aid in the dispersion of fresh air in some mechanically ventilated and naturally airy spaces. In course airy spaces, cap fans are effective at drawing in and current fresh outdoor air.^[7] In mechanically ventilated spaces, fans can be focused to transfer and circulate conditioned air in a room.

Direction [edit]

The direction that a fan spins should change supported connected whether the room needs to be heated OR cooled. Different air conditioners, fans alone move air—they do not straight vary its temperature. Therefore, ceiling fans that consume a chemical mechanism for reversing the direction in which the blades push atmosphere (most commonly an electrical turn on the unit's switch housing, motor housing, surgery lower canopy) can service in both heating and cooling.

While ceiling buff manufacturers (mainly Emerson) have had electrically reversible motors in production since the 1930s, most fans made before the mid-1970s are either not reversible the least bit operating room mechanically reversible (have adjustable blade pitch) instead of an electrically reversible motor. In this case, the blades should be pitched with the upturned boundary leading for downdraft, and with the downturned edge leading for updraft. Hunter's "Adaptair" mechanism is perhaps the most familiar example of physical science reversibility.

For cooling, the fan's instruction of rotation should usually be set so that air is dyspnoeic downward (Usually foresee-clockwise from beneath, but dependent upon manufacturer). The blades should lead with the upturned edge as they spin. The breeze created by a ceiling buff creates a lead chill effect, speeding the evaporation of perspiration on human skin, which makes the personify's natural cooling mechanism much more economic. Every bit a result of this phenomenon, the air conditioning thermoregulator can be set ahead a few degrees higher than normal when a winnow is operative, greatly reducing baron usance. Since the fan works directly along the body, rather than by changing the temperature of the air, IT is recommended to switch all ceiling fans off when a room is unoccupied, to advance reduce world power consumption. In some cases, like when buff is near walls like in a hallway, updraft whitethorn get bettor flow of air. Besides another example how updraft can cause better chilling is that fan is in middle of a bedchamber with a loft bed close a paries, substance breeze can be felt better when airflow is coming from the top.

For heating system, ceiling fans should be hardening to botch up the air upward. Air naturally stratifies, i.e. warmer air rises to the ceiling while cooler air sinks, meaningful that colder air settles near the floor where people spend to the highest degree of their fourth dimension. A ceiling fan, with its direction of rotation set so that air is drawn up, pulls the colder air off the floor, forcing the warmer air at ceiling level to move down feather to take its place, without blowing a stream of free-flying directly at the occupants of the room. This action works to equalize, or even out the temperature in the room, making it tank at ceiling level, but heater near the floor. Frankincense the heating thermostat in the area nates equal set a some degrees lower to save DOE while maintaining the same level of comfort.

Though reversible models of industrial-grade cap fans do exist, all but are not changeful. High ceiling heights in most industrial applications render reversibility supererogatory. Instead, industrial ceiling fans typically First State-stratify heat by blowing hot melodic phrase at ceiling degree straight off down toward the stun. Ceiling fan at normal tiptop could also be left on downdraft in winter time likewise, if unrefined speed can be in truth slow.

Blade shape [blue-pencil]

Residential cap fans, which are almost always reversible, typically use flat, paddle-like blades, which are equally effective in downdraft and updraft. Industrial ceiling fans typically are non reversible and operate only in downdraft, and therefore are able to make impelling use of blades that are contoured to sustain a downdraft diagonal.

More recently, notwithstandin, residential cap fan designers have been devising increasing use of contoured blades in an effort to boost ceiling fan efficiency. This contour, while serving to efficaciously boost the fan's performance while operative in downdraft, can hinder carrying out when operative in updraft.

Air conditioning [blue-pencil]

The most commonplace employment of ceiling fans today is in conjunction with an ventilate conditioning unit. Without an operating ceiling fan, air conditioning units typically hold both the tasks of cooling the air inside the room and circulating it. Provided the ceiling fan is properly sized for the elbow room in which it is operational, its efficiency of tossing air faraway exceeds that of an air conditioning social unit, therefore, for meridian efficiency, the air conditioner should be set to a Sir David Low fan setting and the cap fan should be wont to circulate the air.

Flicker and strobing [edit]

Cap fans can cause shadow quiver and strobing when they are installed close to ceiling lights.^[8] This is due to the winnow blades intermittently blocking the light, causation shadows to come along across the room's interior Earth's surface leading to visual discomfort. Flicker arse be avoided away using drop-downward light fixtures, which are affixed at the same height, or lower, than the cap fan.^{[ acknowledgment necessary ]}

Parts of a ceiling fan [edit]

The key components of a ceiling winnow are the tailing:

• An electric motor
• Blades (also known as paddles operating theatre wings) usually made from semisolid wood, plywood, steel, aluminium, MDF or moldable
• Blade irons (also known as blade brackets, leaf blade coat of arms, blade holders, operating room flanges), which hold the blades and tie them to the motor.
• Flywheel, a metal, plastic, or tough rubber duplicate-torus that is betrothed to the motor shaft and to which the brand irons English hawthorn be attached. The flywheel innermost ring is locked to the shaft by a lock-ass and the sword chains to the outer annulus by screws or bolts that feast into tapped metallic-looking inserts. Rubber or plastic flywheels whitethorn become brittle and break, a familiar cause of fan bankruptcy. Replacing the flywheel may require disconnecting wiring and requires removing the switch housing that's connected the way for the flywheel to be abstracted and replaced.
• Rotor coil, an alternative to steel irons. First proprietary by industrial designer Ron Rezek in 1991, the one-piece die-cast rotor receives and secures the blades and bolts right to the centrifugal, eliminating nearly balance problems and minimizing uncovered fasteners.
• A mechanics for mounting the lover to the ceiling so much Eastern Samoa:
  • Ball-and-socket system. With this system, there is a metallic-looking surgery pliant hemisphere mounted connected the end of the downrod; this hemisphere rests in a ceiling-mounted metal bracket, or somebody-supporting canopy, and allows the devotee to move freely (which is very useful on vaulted ceilings).
  • J-hook and Shackle clamp. A type of mounting system where the cap fan hangs connected a hardened metal hook, screwed into the ceiling operating room bolted through a steel I-beam. The fan hindquarters be adorned directly on a ceiling addict, making the conjugation box optional. A porcelain operating room rubber grommet is used to reduce vibration and to electrically isolate the winnow from the ceiling hook. This type of mounting is most common on antique cap fans and ceiling fans made for industrial use. A variance of this system exploitation a U-bracket secured to the ceiling by means of lag bolts is frequently used on heavy ceiling fans with electrically reversible motors in order to abridge the risk of the fan unscrewing itself from the ceiling while running in updraft. This type of mount is ideally suited to the RC flat roof with metal hooks and has become omnipresent in South Asia, including Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, etc.
  • Flush mount (also known arsenic "low profile" or "hugger" ceiling fans). These are specially designed fans with no downrod Oregon canopy suchlike a traditional mount fan. The motor housing appears to be directly attached to the cap, that is where the name "hugger" comes from. They are idealistic for rooms with low ceilings ranging in height between 7'6" and 8'6". A disadvantage to this designing is that since the blades are mounted so close to the ceiling, air movement is greatly diminished.

Some ball-and-socket fans can be mounted using a low-ceiling adapter, purchased specially from the fan's manufacturer. This allows the comparable design to be used in both a tenor and low ceiling environment, simplifying the buying decision for consumers. In recent years, it has become increasingly frequent for a eg-and-socket fan to atomic number 4 designed such that the canopy (ceiling cover piece) can optionally be screwed at once into the top of the centrifugal housing, thus eliminating the need for a downrod. The complete lover backside be secured straightaway onto the cap climbing bracket; this is often referred to as a dual-climb down or tri-mount.

Other components, which vary by model and style, rump include:

• A downrod, a metal-looking tube wont to freeze the sports fan from the ceiling. Downrods come in many lengths and widths, depending on the winnow type.
• A cosmetic encasement for the motor (known as the "motor trapping").
• A switch housing (also better-known every bit a "switch cup" operating theater "olfactory organ column"), a metal or plastic cylinder mounted below and in the revolve around of the fan's motor. The switch living accommodations is used to hold back and protect various components, which can admit wires, capacitors, and switches; on fans that require oiling, it often conceals the oil artificial lake which lubricates the bearings. The exchange housing also makes for a convenient place to mount a clean kit.
• Vane badges, ornamental adornments attached to the visible bottom of the blades for the purpose of concealing the screws wont to attach the blades to the blade chains.
• Assorted switches used for turning the fan on and turned, adjusting the speed at which the blades rotate, changing the direction in which the blades rotate, and operating any lamps that may be present.
• Lamps
  • Uplights, which are installed connected lead of the fan's motor housing and project floaty up onto the ceiling, for aesthetic reasons (to "create ambience")
  • Downlights, often referred to every bit a "light kit", which add ambient light to a room and can be used to put back whatever ceiling-decorated lamps that were displaced by the installing of a ceiling fan
  • Decorative lights mounted at bottom the motor housing — in this character of setup, the motor housing side-band often has chalk or acrylic panel sections, which allow casual to shine though.

Operating a ceiling fan [edit]

A Hunter-branded "Eclipse", which is a underlying modern ceiling winnow with standard pull-chain controls for the fan causative and ill kit

The way in which a fan is operated depends on its manufacturer, style, and the era in which information technology was made. Operating methods let in:

• Rip-chain/deplumate-cord control. This flair of fan is equipped with a silver-beading chemical chain or cloth cord which, when pulled, cycles the winnow through the operational speed(s) and then back to slay. These fans typically have between one and tetrad speeds.
• Shifting-quicken control condition. During the 1970s and into the mid-1980s, fans were often produced with a solid-state variable-speed control. This was a dial mounted either along the body of the winnow or in a gang box at the wall, and when turned in either guidance, continuously varied the speed at which the blades rotated—corresponding to a dimmer swop for a light fixture. A couple of fans substituted a traffic circle click-type transposition for the infinite-speed dial, providing a set number of set speeds (usually ranging from four to ten).
  • Different fan manufacturers used variable-rush along controls in unlike ways:
    • The variable-speed telephone dial controlling the fan alone; to turn the rooter happening, the user turns the knob until it clicks out of the "off" position, and can then select the fan's amphetamine.
    • Variable speed pull-Ernst Boris Chain. This setup is similar to the variable-speed dial discussed above, take out that a "dual chain" setup is utilized to turn the pot shaft.
    • A pull-chain demo along with the variable-speed control; the telephone dial can be coif in unrivalled place and left at that place, with the pull-chain serving only to turn the fan on and off. Many of these fans take an option to wire an optional light-headed kit to this pull-chain ready to control some the fan and the light with one chain. Using this method, the user can have either the fan or light along individually, both on, or some off.
    • Vari-Lo. A pull-range of mountains and variable-speed control are face. Such a fan has two speeds controlled by a pull-chain: high (full king, independent of the position of the variable-speed control), and "Vari-Lo" (speed determined past the position of the variable-swiftness control).

Age-old-style exit and other-mode capacitor based palisade control

• Palisade-affixed control. Some fans have their control(s) mounted on the paries instead of on the fans themselves; these are very common with industrial and HVLS fans. Such controls are normally proprietary and/OR specialized switches.
  • Mechanical wall control. This vogue of switch takes varying physical forms. The surround curb, which contains a motor speed governor of extraordinary sort, determines how much power is delivered to the fan and consequently how fast it spins. Aged much controls employed a choke— a large iron-cored coil— as their regulator; these controls were typically large, boxy, and surface-decorated on the wall. They had anywhere from four to eight speeds. Newer versions of this type of control act up not use a choke as such, simply much little capacitors and/Oregon solid circuitry; the switch is typically mounted in a standard in-wall gang box.
  • Digital rampart ascendence. With this style of contain, all of the fan's functions— on/off condition, speed, the direction of rotation, and whatever related to illuminating fixtures— are controlled by a computerized wall control, which typically does not require whatsoever special wiring. Instead, it uses the pattern house wiring to send coded physical phenomenon pulses to the fan, which decodes and acts on them using a built-in set of electronics. This style of control typically has anywhere from iii to seven speeds.
• Wireless remote. In recent years, distant controls have dropped in price to become cost-effective for controlling cap fans. They may be equipped fans or fitted to an existing fan. The hand-held remote control transmits wireles frequency or infrared keep in line signals to a receiver unit installed in the winnow. Notwithstandin, these May not be ideal for commercial installations Eastern Samoa the controllers require batteries. They can also get mislaid, especially in installs with many fans.
• Directional Substitution. Most ceiling fans typically feature a small slide alternate on the motor body of the fan itself, which controls the way in which the fan rotates. In single position, the fan is caused to go around clockwise, in the past position the fan is caused to spread ou counter-clockwise. Given that the fan blades are typically slanted, this results in the air either existence drawn upwards or brought downwards. While the user can blue-ribbon which they prefer, typically air is blown downwards in summertime and lifted upwards in winter. The downwards blowing is experienced as "cooling" in summer, piece the upwards convection brings ceiling-hugging warm air back up end-to-end the way in winter.^[9]

Classification of cap fans [edit]

Ceiling fans can be classified into three important categories supported their use and functionality. Each type offers some unparalleled advantages over the others and hence is suitable for a particular application. These let in household, industrial and large-diameter fans.

• Household fans usually have 4 or 5 woody blades, a decorative centrifugal lodging, and a classical triad speed motor with pull-chain interchange control. These fans come in in two varieties, with operating room without a light kit up, depending on the price and consumer preferences.
• Commercial operating theater industrial cap fans are typically used in stores, schools, churches, offices, factories, and warehouses. Such a lover is designed to be Thomas More cost-effective and energy-efficient than its menag counterpart. Industrial or commercial ceiling fans typically use three or four blades, typically made of either steel or atomic number 13, and manoeuver at high speed. These energy-efficient ceiling fans are designed to push large amounts of tune crosswise large, wide-cut open spaces. From the advanced 1970s to the mid-1980s, metal-bladed industrial ceiling fans were popular in lower-income American households, presumptive due to them being priced depress than woods-bladed models. Business enterprise style ceiling fans are very popular for household applications in Asia and the Middle East.

A 5-blade ceiling fan in a restaurant.

• HVLS fans are large-diameter ceiling fans, intended for large spaces such equally large warehouses, hangars, shopping malls, railway syste platforms and gymnasiums. These fans broadly spin at a lower speed but due to their large diameter, ranging between 7' and 24' (2.1m and 7.3m), can provide a prominent area with a gentle breeze. Bodoni font HVLS fans use of goods and services airfoil-style blades for optimized air movement at a bated energy cost. One of the most notable manufactures of HVLS fans is Giant Ass Fans.

A High-loudness low-speed fan

• UL Moistness and UL Wet-rated ceiling fans, otherwise known as indoor/outdoor cap fans, are designed for use in partially fenced in or open outdoor spaces. The body and blades are made of materials and finishes that are non as drastically affected aside moisture, temperature swings, operating theater humidity as traditional materials and finishes. Damp-rated fans are desirable for covered areas like bathrooms, patios and porches that aren't directly exposed to water. In open places where the fan may interject meet with weewe, one must use wet-rated fans. Wet-rated fans have a entirely sealed motor which can withstand direct photograph to rainwater, snow and can even be washed off with a garden hose. Both business enterprise and residential fans come in dry-rated too as damp and tacky-rated varieties.^[10]

Types of ceiling fans [edit]

Umteen styles of ceiling fans own been developed over the years in response to several diametrical factors such as growing vigour-consumption consciousness and changes in decorating styles. The Advent and evolution of new technologies have also played a major role in cap fan development. Following is a name of major ceiling fan styles and their defining characteristics:

• Cast-iron cap fans. These account for almost all cap fans made since their invention in 1882 through the mid-1960s. A cast-iron housing encases a very heavy-duty motor, usually of the shaded-pole variety. These motors are lubricated by substance of a thrust supporting submerged in an oil color-bath and must be oiled periodically, unremarkably once or twice per year. Because these fans are and then sturdily built, and receivable to their utter lack of electronic components, it is not uncommon to learn cast-iron fans aged lxxx years or more running strong and notwithstandin engaged today.

A robust ceiling devotee made by Hunting watch, dating from the early 1980s. This model is called the "Original".

• • The Hunter 'Original' (manufactured by the Hunter Lover CO.) is out and away the about recognizable example of a cast-press cap fan nowadays. It has enjoyed the longest production trial of any fan in history, dating from 1906 to the present day. The Hunting watch Original exploited a shaded-celestial pole motor from its inception until 1984 (the 36" Original remained shaded pole ahead it was replaced with the 42" Germinal in 1985), at which point it was changed to a much more cost-effective permanent split-capacitor motor. Though the fan's carnal appearance remains virtually unvaried, the motor was downgraded in 2002 when production was shipped to Taiwan; the motor, though still oil-lubricated, was switched to a "bony" blueprint, as discussed below, with a shortened main shaft that unwittingly caused reliability issues. In 2022, this motor design was revised, and once more employs a tall primary shaft; the key element to the longevity of the pre-2002 motors.
• 20 pole Induction "Pancake" motor ceiling fans. These fans with highly efficient cast atomic number 13 housings, were invented in 1957 by Crompton-Greaves, Ltd of India and were showtime strange into the United States in 1973 past Encon Industries. This Crompton-Greaves motor was developed through a joint venture with Crompton-Parkinson of England and took 20 days to perfect. It is considered the nigh energy-efficient motorial ever so manufactured for ceiling fans (apart from the DC motor) since IT consumes less energy than a household incandescent light lightbulb.

The Emerson "Heat Fan", the first ceiling fan to function a stack motor

A close-up of the dropped flywheel on a FASCO "Charleston" ceiling fan

• Stack-motor ceiling fans. In the after-hours 1970s, out-of-pocket to rise energy costs prompted past the vitality crisis, Emerson altered their "K63" motor, normally used in household appliances and industrialized machinery, to be used in cap fans. This red-hot "batch" efferent, Along with Encon's regorge aluminum 20 magnetic pole motor, proved to be effectual, yet Energy Department-efficient, and aided in the comeback of ceiling fans in America, since it was farthermost inferior expensive to operate than air conditioning. With this design (which consists of a basic stator and rotor coil), the fan's blades mount to a midmost hub, famous as a flywheel. The flywheel which is made of either metal or reinforced rubber can exist decorated either flush with the devotee's motor housing (concealed) or conspicuously below the fan's causative housing (known as a "dropped flywheel"). Many manufacturers used and/or formulated their own stack motors, including (but not limited to) Casablanca, Emerson, FASCO, Huntsman, and NuTone. Some manufacturers trademarked their personalized incarnation of this motive: for example, Ralph Waldo Emerson's "K63" and later "K55" motors, Fanimation's "FDK-2100", and Casablanca's "XLP-2000" and "XLP-2100". The earliest stack-motor fan was the Emerson "Heat-Fan", aka the "Universal Series", a useful fan with a dropped metal flywheel and blades made of fiberglass and future moulded plastic depending on the model. This fan was produced in many different forms from 1962 finished 2005 and, while targeted at commercial settings, as wel constitute great succeeder in residential settings. Casablanca Winnow Co. also ready-made stack-efferent fans with concealed flywheels rather than dropped flywheels. Piece this motor is not nearly as widely used as in the 1970s and 1980s, it can nevertheless be found in certain broad-stop Fanimation fans. One disadvantage of this type of fan is that the flywheel, if it is made from rubber, will prohibitionist out and crack over time and eventually break; this is ordinarily not dangerous, simply information technology renders the fan unserviceable until the flywheel is replaced.

A spinner fan with light kit

A modern three blade spinner fan from India

• Direct-drive cap fans employ a motor with a stationary inner core with a cuticle, made of cast iron, cast aluminium, or stamped steel, that revolves or so it (commonly called a "spinner" motor). The blades are attached right away to this shell. Direct-drive motors are the least high-priced motors to produce, and happening the altogether are the most prone to failure and make noise generation.^[2] While the real first motors of this type (first put-upon in the 1960s) were relatively heavy-duty, the lineament of these motors has dropped significantly in recent years. This type of motor has become the Delaware facto standard for today's fans; it is used in each Hampton Bay and Harbor Breeze cap fans oversubscribed today, and has usually been old away most other brands.
  • Thread maker-centrifugal fans, sometimes incorrectly referred to equally "spinners", employ a direct-drive (spinster) motor and do give birth a stationary decorative cover (motor housing). "Thread maker-efferent" fans account for most all fans factory-made from the belatedly 1980s to the introduce.
  • Thread maker fans employ a direct-drive centrifugal and manage non have a stationary decorative treat (causative housing). This accounts for most industrial-style fans (though such fans sometimes have more moderate-select motors), and inexpensive residential fans commonly found in Brazil nut, South Asia, Southeast Asia and many Middle Eastern countries.
• Emaciated motors, which are a high-end subset of primary-drive motors, can be found on some higher-quality fans. Examples of skeletal motors include Hunter's "AirMax" motor, Casablanca's "XTR200" motor, and the motors made by Sanyo for use in cap fans sold-out under the Lasko name, and place-2002 Hunter "Originative" ceiling fans. Skeletal motors dissent from veritable direct-drive motors in that:
  • They have an open-frame ("thin") design, which allows for far better ventilating system and consequently a longer lifespan. This is in compare to a regular primary-drive off motor's intent, in which the efferent's inner workings are completely enclosed inside a tight metal shell which may or Crataegus oxycantha not have openings for ventilation; even when openings are present, they are almost always small to the guide of being inadequate.
  • These are typically larger than first-string direct-drive motors and, A a result, are more powerful and less prone to burning out.
• Friction-labour ceiling fans. This short-lived type of ceiling fan was unsuccessful aside companies so much Eastern Samoa Emerson and NuTone in the late 1970s with little success. Its reward was its enormously low-pitched big businessman consumption, but the fans were treacherous and same noisy, in addition to being grievously underpowered. Detrition-drive ceiling fans employ a contemptible-torque motor that is decorated transversely in relation to the flywheel. A rubber wheel affixed on the end of the motor's shaft swarm a hub (via contact friction, hence the name) which, successively, drove the flywheel. It was a system founded on the fact that a underslung-torque motor spinning quickly can drive a large, heavy device at a slow speed without great energy consumption (see Gear ratio).
• Gear-drive cap fans. These were like-minded to (and even less popular than) the friction drive models; however, or else of a rubber wheel on the motive shaft victimization friction to turn the flywheel, a toothed gear mechanism on the end of the efferent shaft reticulate with gear teeth formed into the flywheel, thus rotating it. The companionship "Panama" made geared wheel nonvoluntary ceiling fans and sold them exclusively through with the "Family Handyman" magazine publisher in the 1980s.
• Domestic swath-drive ceiling fans. These were also similar in pattern to gear-drive and friction-drive fans; however, instead of a safe friction wheel or toothed gear, a undersize rubber belt linked the motor to the flywheel. The most notable interior belt-drive cap fans were the earliest models produced past the Casablanca Fan Colorado. and a model sold by Toastmaster.

Threesome fans driven by a only centrifugal and belts

• Belt-driven ceiling fans. As stated earlier in this clause, the first ceiling fans victimized a water-powered system of belts to turn off the blades of fan units (which consisted of cypher more blades mounted on a flywheel). For period-themed decor, a few companies (notably Fanimation and Woolen Mill around) have created reproduction belt-drive rooter systems. The reproduction systems feature an electric motor as the drive force, in place of the water system-powered motor.

• Orbit fans use a mechanism to oscillate 360 degrees. They are also typically rosy to the ceiling look-alike hugger typecast fans. They are too very small in sized, usually, or so 16" and have a similar mental synthesis to that of many footstall fans and desk fans, and normally have finger guards. These are formerly over again, popular mostly in many developing countries as they are a cheap alternative to handed-down boat paddle type ceiling fans. Many American manufacturers, so much as "Fanimation" have started producing superiority couturier versions of such fans.
• Mini cap fans are mostly found in less matured places, such Eastern Samoa the Republic of the Philippines and Indonesia, and today are constructed similarly to all but oscillating plinth and table fans, preponderantly out of plastic. These fans, thu the discover "mini" ceiling fan are comparatively small in size, normally ranging from 16 inches to 36 inches, notwithstandin, some still span to sizes as large as 42 inches in diam. To boot, unlike traditional ceiling fans, these fans typically habituate synchronous motors.
• Bladeless ceiling fans. This typecast was introduced in 2012 by Expire fans and uses a bladeless turbine to energy air outwards from the fan, which is also the case of regular ceiling fans on updraft mode. These fans feature a brushless DC motor instead of a normal direct-drive motor.^[11]
• A pendulum fan or dither fan is a type of low velocity ceiling rooter that can be used for air circulation around a targeted domain. The back and forth motion increases upheaval around cooling sources, like chilled waterfalls at the Lavin Bernick Center field at Tulane, portion to cool a greater loudness of melodic line.
• Soft DC ceiling fans. Ahead the current switched from DC to AC, in that respect were productions of brushed DC ceiling fans. Those are wired directly to DC wires.
• Brushless DC cap fans. This type of fans uses BLDC technology which offers untold higher efficiency than normal fans driven with traditional AC motors. These are quieter than AC motor fans due to the fact that they are commutated electronically and use permanent attractive feature rotors. Among the other advantages, these fans offering are high efficiency, take down background level, less rotor coil heat, integration of remote ascendancy and other convenience technologies etc. The only drawbacks are the high cost and the presence of complex electronics which Crataegus oxycantha be more prone to failure and uncheckable to military service. Nonetheless, with the advent of fresh technologies and amend quality control techniques, the latter is becoming less of a concern.^[12] Those are wired to Alternating current wires along with AC/DC adapter.
• Smart ceiling fans. These fans can be controlled by Google Assistant, Virago Alexa Assistant, Apple Homekit and Wifi. A immense bulk of these fans manipulation BLDC motors due to their microcontroller based conception, flexibility in fine controls and firmware upgrade capableness. The speed, brightness and timing of the fans potty be adjusted with a smartphone app.^[13]

Safety concerns with facility [edit]

A typical ceiling fan weighs 'tween 8 and 50 pounds when fully assembled. While many junction boxes can affirm that weight while the fan is hanging still, a fan in operation exerts many additional stresses—notably tortuousness—on the objective from which it is decorated; this tooshie cause an improper junction box to fail. For this reason, in the U.S.A the National Electric car Code (document NFPA 70, Article 314) states that ceiling fans moldiness glucinium supported by an electrical join box recorded for that use. It is a common mistake for homeowners to replace a lighted fixture with a ceiling fan without upgrading to a proper junction box.

Low-hanging fans/danger to limbs [cut]

Another business concern with installing a cap fan relates to the tallness of the blades relative to the floor. Building codes end-to-end the United States prohibit residential ceiling fans from being mounted with the blades closer than seven feet from the floor;^{[ cite required ]} this sometimes proves, however, to not be high enough. If a ceiling fan is sexy and a somebody fully extends his OR her arms into the melodic line, as sometimes happens during formula tasks so much As fertilization, stretch Oregon changing bedsheets, it is possible for the blades to strike their custody, potentially causation injury. Also, if one is carrying a long and awkward object, one end may unknowingly enter the path of rotation of a ceiling fan's blades, which can drive damage to the fan. Building codes throughout the United States also proscribe business enterprise cap fans from being mounted with the blades closer than 10 feet from the dump for these reasons.

MythBusters: "Killer Ceiling Fan" [cut]

In 2004, MythBusters tested the idea that a cap fan is adequate to of decapitation if an individual was to stick his operating room her neck into a running fan. Two versions of the myth were tested, with the first being the "jump Kid", involving a kid jump heavenward and down along a bed, jumping too high and entering the fan from below and the second being the "devotee's leap", involving a husband leaping towards his get it on and entering the fan side-connected. Kari Byron and Scottie Johnny Appleseed purchased a regular household rooter and also an highly-developed fan, which has metal blades A opposed to wood and a more powerful motor. They busted the myth in both scenarios with both home and industrial fans, as tests proved that residential ceiling fans are, apparently by design, for the most part inadequate of causing much than a secondary injury, having low-torque motors that stop quickly when blocked and blades composed of light materials that incline to break easily if impacted at speed (the menag fan run of the "devotee's leap" scenario really stony-broke the fan blades.) They did find that industrial fans, with their brand blades and higher speeds, proved susceptible of causation injury and laceration - building codes require industrial fans to be mounted with blades 10 feet above the floor, and the industrial buff test of the "devotee's leap" scenario produced a lethal injury where the fan sliced through the jugular and into the vertebrae - only nonmoving lost energy rapidly erstwhile obstructed and were unable to decapitate the test dummy.^[14]

Wobble [redact]

Unsteady is usually caused by the weightiness of fan blades being come out of the closet of balance with each other. This can encounter callable to a variety of factors, including blades being crooked, blade irons organism bent, blades or blade irons not being screwed on trabeated, or weight variation between blades. Also, if all the blades do not wield an rival drive on the atmosphere (because they take in different angles, for instance), the vertical chemical reaction forces backside stimulate wobbling. Wobble can also personify caused by a motor flaw, only that very rarely occurs. Unsteady is not affected past the way in which the devotee is mounted or the mounting surface.

Contrary to nonclassical misconception, wobbling alone wish not cause a ceiling fan to fall.^[15] Cap fans are secure by clevis pins locked with either split pins or R-clips, so wobbling leave non feature an effect on the fan's surety, unless of course, the pins/clips were not secured. To particular date, there are no reports of a sports fan unsteady itself off the cap and falling. However, a bad wobble can cause light fixing dark glasses operating theater covers to gradually loosen over time and potentially fall, posing a risk of injury to anyone under the devotee, and also from any resulting humbled glass. When the MythBusters were designing a fan with the goal of chopping off someone's head, Scottie used an edge finder to find the accurate center of their blades with the aim of eliminating potentially very dangerous wobbling of their steel blades.

Wobbling may be diminished away measurement the tiptoe of each vane from a secure point happening the cap (or shock) and ensuring each is equal. If the buff has a metal plateful betwixt the motor and blade, this may be gently keyed by deflexion. IT can also be reduced by making sure all blades ingest the same pitch, and every last blades have the same distance from adjacent blades. It seat also be reduced past having balancing free weight on the blades.

Disposability [edit]

Ceiling fan efferent often has chemicals wrong to forestall it from afire out, rendering them not disposable. When they're placed in garbage truck, chemicals at bottom the drive can cause pollution which is bad for human health, or in very rare guinea pig, cause explosion. It would be a better musical theme to recycle the ceiling fan, like finding a way to sell or donate it. Same applies American Samoa if you left ceiling fans at bottom the building when the building is demolished.

Heading [edit]

• 

  An indoor ceiling devotee with dome light mend

• 

  FASCO ceiling fan with tilted blades elevated railway towards the tip

• 

  Sanyo branded industrial style cap fan

• 

• 

  A dual-blade ceiling fan from India

See also [edit]

• Attic winnow
• Whole-star sign sports fan
• Window fan
• Air cooler
• Fan death
• Punkah

References [cut]

1. ^ "Punkah. hand-operated hanging fan. a body legacy".
2. ^ ^{a b c} Scharff, Robert; Casablanca Fan Co. (1983). The Fan Book . Reston, VA: Reston Publication. p. 128. ISBN0-8359-1855-6.
3. ^ Dane Roger, Patricia (June 14, 2001). "Eye on Design". The Washington Billet. p. H5.
4. ^ Arens, Edward VIII; Henry Hubert Turner, Stephen; Zhang, Hui (2009). "Soul-stirring Beam for Comfort" (PDF). ASHRAE. Journal 51: 18–28.
5. ^ Schiavon, Stefano; Melikov, Arsen K. (January 1, 2008). "Energy redemptive and improved comfortableness by increased ventilate effort". Energy and Buildings. 40 (10): 1954–1960. doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2008.05.001. ISSN 0378-7788.
6. ^ ^{a b} Lipczynska, Aleksandra; Schiavon, Stefano; Graham, Lindsay T. (May 1, 2022). "Thermal comfort and self-reported productivity in an office with ceiling fans in the tropics". Building and Environment. 135: 202–212. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.03.013. ISSN 0360-1323.
7. ^ Call, Jiafang; Meng, Xiangquan (January 1, 2022). "The Betterment of Public discussion Design in Cultivate Buildings Using CFD Simulation". Procedia Engineering. The 9th Multinational Symposium on Warming, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (ISHVAC) joint with the 3rd Foreign Conference happening Building Energy and Environment (COBEE), 12-15 July 2022, Tianjin, China. 121: 1475–1481. doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2015.09.073. ISSN 1877-7058.
8. ^ Kent, Michael; Cheung, Toby jug; Li, Jiayu; Schiavon, Stefano (2020). "Experimental evaluation of visual flicker caused by ceiling fans". Edifice and Surroundings. 182: 107060. doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2020.107060. S2CID 225305290.
9. ^ "Ceiling fan direction". LampsUSA. Retrieved Apr 4, 2022.
10. ^ "Indoor vs. Outdoor Ceiling Fans: A Where to Apply Guide". DelMarFans.
11. ^ "How does the Exhale Sports fan turn?". Emanate Fans Europe.
12. ^ "DC vs AC Ceiling Fans". www.hunterfan.co.uk. Retrieved May 25, 2022.
13. ^ S. L. A. Staff. "Unexceeded 7 Smart Ceiling Fans 2022: Google, Alexa and Wifi – smartlivingadvice.com". Retrieved September 29, 2022.
14. ^ Fell, Adam; Hyneman, Jamie; Chapman, Scottie; Belleci, Tory; Sixth Baron Byron of Rochdale, Kari (December 5, 2004). "Ming Astronaut". MythBusters. Mollify 2. Installment 24. Begins at 25:45. Discovery.
15. ^ Gromicko, Nick. "Ceiling Fan Review". International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. Retrieved May 31, 2013.

External links [edit]

• Media related to Ceiling fans at Wikimedia Commons

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceiling_fan